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Waa maxay shaqooyinka xirmada ELISA?

2022-12-23

Xirmada ELISA waxay ku salaysan tahay wejiga adag ee antigen ama antibody iyo ensaymes calaamadaynta antigen ama antibody. Antigen-ka ama antibody-ka ku xidhan dusha sare ee sidaha adag ayaa wali sii xajistaa hawlaheedii is-difaaca, enzyme-ka lagu calaamadiyay antigen-ka ama antibody-ga waxa uu hayaa labadaba hawlihiisa difaaca jirka iyo firfircoonida insaymiska. Waqtiga go'aaminta, muunada tijaabada ah (kaas oo antibody ama antigen lagu cabbiro) waxay la falgashaa antigen ama antibody ee dusha sare ee sidaha adag. Isku-dhafka antigen-antibody ee lagu sameeyay sidaha adag ayaa laga soocay walxaha kale ee dareeraha ah iyadoo la dhaqay.

Antigens ama unugyada difaaca jirka ee enzyme-ku suntan ayaa lagu daraa, kuwaas oo sidoo kale falcelin ku xidha sidaha adag. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, qadarka enzyme ee marxaladda adag waxay u dhigantaa qadarka walaxda muunada. Ka dib marka lagu daro substrate-ka falcelinta enzyme, substrate-ka waxaa kataliya enzyme si uu u noqdo alaab midab leh. Qadarka alaabtu waxay si toos ah ula xiriirtaa qadarka walaxda la tijaabiyay ee muunada, markaa falanqaynta tayada ama tirooyinka ayaa la samayn karaa iyadoo loo eegayo qoto dheer ee midabka.

Waxtarka sare ee kicinta ee ensaymyadu waxay si dadban u kordhisaa natiijada jawaabta difaaca, taasoo ka dhigaysa qiimaynta mid xasaasi ah. ELISA waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu go'aamiyo antigens, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu ogaado unugyada difaaca jirka.

Mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee xirmada ELISA
Waxay isticmaashaa falcelin gaar ah oo ah antigen iyo antibody si ay ugu xidho shayga enzyme, ka dibna waxay soo saartaa falcelinta midabka u dhexeeya enzyme iyo substrate si loo go'aamiyo tirada. Shayga cabbirku wuxuu noqon karaa antibody ama antigen.

Waxa jira saddex reagen oo lagama maarmaan u ah habkan go'aaminta:
â antigen ama antibody wejiga adag (immune adsorbent)
â¡ Enzyme ku suntan antigen ama antibody (calaamadeeyaha)
â ¢ substrate for enzyme action (wakiilka horumarinta midabka)

Cabbirka, antigen-ka (antibody) ayaa marka hore ku xidhan sidaha adag, laakiin wali waxa uu sii xajistaa dhaqdhaqaaqiisa difaaca, ka dibna waxa lagu daraa konjugate (calmadeeyaha) antibody (antigen) iyo ensaym, kaas oo wali xajinaya firfircoonidiisii hore ee difaaca iyo enzyme. hawlqabad. Marka conjugate-ku uu la falgalo antigen-ka (antibody) ee sidaha adag, substrate u dhigma ee ensaymka ayaa lagu daraa. Taasi waa, katalytic hydrolysis ama falcelinta REDOX iyo midabka.

Hooska midabka uu soo saaro wuxuu u dhigmaa qadarka antigen (antibody) ee la cabbirayo. Alaabtan midabka leh waxaa lagu arki karaa isha qaawan, mikroskoob indhaha, mikroskoob elektaroonig ah, waxa kale oo lagu cabbiri karaa spectrophotometer (qalabka sumadda enzyme). Habka waa mid fudud, ku habboon, degdeg ah oo gaar ah.

Hore:Hordhaca Elisa Plate

Xiga:Waa maxay sababta uu dhaqanka unugyadu marka hore u lisay unugyada dhiigga cas?